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Collapsing steam in main radiator slow to heat

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JoshP
JoshP Member Posts: 96

After years of home ownership of a late 20s house with steam heat I’ve got my steam system absolutely quiet and running very well except for one radiator I am having issues with. I have a two pipe system with a steam gas boiler that was installed sometime in the late 50s or early 60s replacing a coal boiler. I have one radiator is that takes twice as long to heat up as the rest of the radiators in the house. You can hear Steam collapsing in the main and the riser to the second floor of this bedroom. I have re-piped a section of the main to this radiator riser. I have re-piped the header at the boiler because it was wrong.

I’m still having an issue. The pressure runs less than 3/4 of a pound. I have clean water. I’m assuming that there is water being pushed down the main and it’s causing the steak collapse. Here is a pic of the boiler and piping.
It’s not an issue with the return. I have removed the radiator from the valve at the problem radiator and it still does not change anything. At this point the only thing I can think may be the problem is the incorrect piping At the boiler I have not changed yet. Please see pics. Any thought or I ideas because I’m out of them. Thanks

IMG_6143.jpeg

IMG_6135.jpeg
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Comments

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    did you see all of the riser to the radiator? there are usually offsets to get over the sill and up the wall and out to the radiator. it is very easy for one of these to get pitched the wrong way and collect a pocket of water

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    have you skimmed the oil from the new piping out of the boiler? was this a problem before you change the piping?

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96
    IMG_5775.jpeg IMG_5894.jpeg

    riser goes up and inside wall and does two 90s. Then up to the rad. I’ve insulated what I could get to. The last of the 90s is a 1” to 3/4 reducing 90. I thought that may be a problem with a restricted flow of steam? But not sure.

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    Yes I skimmed boiler and drained down twice. The water is clean . This was an issue before I changed the header and pipping at the take off for this rad. I’ve also down the calculation for boiler sizing and its sized appropriate . If you see the one pic of the boiler there is a 2 “ that runs from the bottom to a tee in the take off on the top to the boiler . That’s the only past I haven’t changed yet. Is it possible it’s pulling water up or this is causing a problem? It would be Filled with water up to the water line .

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067
    edited November 25

    one of those laterals is probably pitched the wrong way and holding water. make sure the valve didn't come apart and stays closed when it is open or something too.

    you can try raising the radiator and piping half an inch or so and see if that gets things pitched the right way.

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    "The last of the 90s is a 1” to 3/4 reducing 90." where is the reduction if the reduction isn't creating a bump in the horizontal to collect water it should be fine.

    can you circle this in a screenshot or something? i don't know what you're referring to:
    "If you see the one pic of the boiler there is a 2 “ that runs from the bottom to a tee in the take off on the top to the boiler . "

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96


    I’ve replaced the valve because it was an incorrect water valve so it’s not the issue. With it disconnect from the radiator it’s not changing anything so something prior/before the radiator. I’ve raise the radiator about 3/4 “ to get the risers and pipes up to see it would help and eliminate and low areas or sags.

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    there is a small possibility there is debris in there but it is most likely just pitch trapping water. or a reduction in the horizontal that is trapping water. the water pocket will keep collapsing the steam until it absorbs enough energy from the steam to evaporate so it will eventually heat but it will be severely delayed.

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96
    IMG_6150.jpeg IMG_6151.jpeg

    first pic show circled reducing 90. From that 90 is runs up to the radiator . Second picture shows the piping that is on opposite side of the equalizer and Hartford loop on the boiler that runs from the lower portion of the boiler up to a Tee in the riser. This is where I am not sure if it’s causing a problem. It obviously doesn’t need to be like that and it probably should be capped at the lower portion of boiler and a cap at Tee , but is it causing a problem?

  • neilc
    neilc Member Posts: 3,086

    I hate to think this, but the boiler picture, is the header pitching up to the equalizer ? or is that the picture?

    how closely is the boler sized to the rad EDR?

    wonder if insulating would help,

    known to beat dead horses
  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    the old equalizer that wasn't right still being there is fine.

    the ell from the lateral to the riser to the radiator, which section is 3/4" and which is 1"?

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    it’s pitched today the equalizer drop. My pic is a little crooked. I might be able to get it a little more pitched if need be. I plan on insulating all the header. I just did this job within the last two weeks .

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    it does look that it is a little but i doubt that is the problem

  • EBEBRATT-Ed
    EBEBRATT-Ed Member Posts: 19,172

    Is that the old equalizer tht was left in place? Not an issue if it is. Does the supply from the boiler coming up into the tee? And the top of the tee feeds the new header.

    I would disconnect the problem rad and take the elbow or valve (whatever is at the top of the riser off) and dump a bunch of water down it. Maybe even use a garden hose if you can and flush it out. Worth a try

    Either the boiler isn't running long enough to heat the problem rad or something isn't picthed right is my guess.

    mattmia2
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96
    IMG_5006.jpeg

    This is the header mess I started with .
    If I run the boiler for a longer cycle (at 70 degrees or more ) the surging in the main and riser to that rad stops and it quiets down and the rad heats up nicely.
    also I’ve ran a scope camera down the riser from the radiator and don’t see any blockage or pooling water. Also I added a valve to open up at at the main vent just before the vertical to the rad with the problem. If I open it up it up it’s like a faucet. See second pic.

    IMG_6091.jpeg
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    Its 1” riser from main goes vertical up inside the wall . Takes a 90. Then after about 8” vertical takes another 90 which is a reducing 90 from 1” to 3/4” . Then vertical again to the shut off /rad.

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    which way does the main pitch? if it pitches to that end with the vents it either needs a drip down to a wet return or a crossover trap to the dry return.

  • EBEBRATT-Ed
    EBEBRATT-Ed Member Posts: 19,172

    Ok. So I think what your saying is the main is full of water and when you open the valve by the vents you get water,?

    If that is the case the end of those main needs a drip. Take the 2" 90 off the end and put a tee on it and pipe it into a wet return. But it doesn't look like you have a wet return.

    Looking at the pictures of the boiler with the old header the main on the left looks counterflow (supply lower at the boiler, pitching up. The supply on the right looks flat of course it could be the camera angle. Which main is the problem rad connected to?

    Theres ways to fix this. Do you have a return that is lower that the 2" elbow at the end of the main that you can get a pipe to?

    mattmia2
  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    also if you carefully let the water out while it is steaming, does the radiator start heating?

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    if the mains are counterflow there should be drips at the boiler although it will probably be ok without them.

  • 109A_5
    109A_5 Member Posts: 3,259

    If the floor is basically level, you can see the floor joists at the end of the main but not in the boiler pictures. I'd say it is counterflow and the problem end of the main is not pitch correctly, so it does not drain correctly. Is there a high spot in that main ? Also the way the old header was piped also gives the feeling it is counterflow. Now all the conterflow condensate has to go back into the header.

    National - U.S. Gas Boiler 45+ Years Old
    Steam 300 SQ. FT. - EDR 347
    One Pipe System
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    Two mains. One for each side of house . They all are pitched back to boiler.

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    If I open the valve I added at the main vent I get a lot of water. Once the steam gets to the vent in the main and just about to the second floor rad the problems starts.
    The returns are dry returns .
    here is a pic of the end of main we repiped. Formally was reducing at the elbow from 1 1/4 to 1”. We made it 1 1/4” all the way to the vent. Where you see the main vent is where I added the valve to open. Also the horizontal run is where I can hear the water pushing / sloshing .
    the dry return is seen behind the main here

    IMG_9889.jpeg
  • KC_Jones
    KC_Jones Member Posts: 5,890

    Just so we are very clear. You have a counterflow "main" that is currently 1 1/4" pipe?

    At what point does it reduce down to that size and how many radiators is it feeding?

    2014 Weil Mclain EG-40
    EcoSteam ES-20 Advanced Boiler Control
    Boiler pictures updated 2/21/15
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    it’s a two pipe counterflow , mains pitched back to the boiler, system with dry returns.
    Take off at boiler is 2”. Main is 2” and reduces to 1 1-4 at some point along the main trunk. It’s all insulated so I don’t the exact spot of the reduction. The side of the main with the problem feeds 7 radiators. I’ve got them all throttled back as much as I can. One is also shut down completely at the valve (attic 3rd floor) I’ve done the calculation for the boiler size and number of rads and it’s plenty large enough boiler.

  • ChrisJ
    ChrisJ Member Posts: 17,019

    The only thing that caught my eye is the new header on the boiler looks pitched backwards really bad, but that could easily be the picture fooling me.

    It should be pitched towards the equalizer to drain otherwise it's going to hold water.

    I'm guessing it's fine, but wanted to mention it just in case.

    Single pipe 392sqft system with an EG-40 rated for 325sqft and it's silent and balanced at all times.

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    I’ll double check pitch on equalizer . How much pitch is enough?

  • ChrisJ
    ChrisJ Member Posts: 17,019

    You don't want the header holding any water.

    Realistically, any pitch would be nice, even level would probably work but not pitched backwards.

    Screenshot 2025-11-25 092943.png

    Single pipe 392sqft system with an EG-40 rated for 325sqft and it's silent and balanced at all times.

  • Jamie Hall
    Jamie Hall Member Posts: 26,679

    Wait a minute here. What I THINK I am reading is that you placed a valve on the top of that line with the vents on it, and when you open that valve you get water. And when that water stops coming you then get steam to the problem radiator.

    Is that exactly what I am reading?

    As Eric O would say on a different channel, "well there's your problem lady". You are trapping that water, most likely at the elbow from the long main up and 45 over. Two solutions. Repitch that main so it is really counterflow. That may be VERY hard to do, as I'm going to guess that the end near that valve and vent cluster needs to go up a couple of inches. Or add a drip just before that elbow on the long main and run that back to the boiler or down to a handy wet return if you have one.

    Br. Jamie, osb
    Building superintendent/caretaker, 7200 sq. ft. historic house museum with dependencies in New England
    KC_Jonesmattmia2
  • KC_Jones
    KC_Jones Member Posts: 5,890

    I'd also add what I was eluding to above. 1 1/4" pipe seems woefully inadequate to be used as a counterflow main unless it was simply the runoff for that single radiator, which it appears it is not. For me a counerflow should be a full 2" until the end. The trapped water is indicating something isn't adequate either the pitch or the pipe size, or both. I can't think of anything else, but with the group think around here maybe someone else can.

    2014 Weil Mclain EG-40
    EcoSteam ES-20 Advanced Boiler Control
    Boiler pictures updated 2/21/15
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96
    IMG_6091.jpeg

    I added this extra leg with valve to see what would happen. If I open up the valve once I start hearing water in the main I’ll get water out the valve. I’d say like a hose bib open about 1/4 and like it’s spitting it out. I just did this mod so haven’t really opened it up to see how much water I’d get and when it would stop and what happens to the radiator this riser is feed. Also note right before the 90 elbow there is a take off to the last second floor rad that heats just fine. I’ll get a full diagram to help see better.

  • EBEBRATT-Ed
    EBEBRATT-Ed Member Posts: 19,172
    edited November 25

    Looking at the boiler specifically at the return drop it looks like you have two returns tied together above the water line. This isn't good. Next time start the boiler with the pipes cool or at lest not steaming. Those two returns should be connected together below the boiler water line. See if one return is getting steam hot before the other,

    You may be pushing steam from 1 return to the other causing back pressure on the other rad which is the last one on that main. I would suspect the return with the problem rad may be cool and the other one is hot.

    Also we need some radiator pictures. Do you have steam traps on the radiator outlets?

    As far as water collecting in the problem main if it is truly counterflow it should be lower at the boiler and pitch up all the way to the end problem rad . If it is not pitched enough you would need to drip the end of that main.

    As @KC_Jones rightly mentioned 2" is the smallest pipe used on a counterflow main. Counterflow mains need larger pipe for a given steam load that parallel flow mains.

    Either way the the water needs to be able to get out.

    I am wondering if the problem rad is heating through the return?

    Where are you located?

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    returns are cold , traps at all radiators. Replaced elements. I disconnected the valve at the radiator and left it open. It doesn’t change at all so it’s something from the boiler or in the main piping.
    I just opened up that valve I added by main vent and dumped out about a quart of water in a bucket which seemed just about all that was in the main and then that radiator heated right up fast and as quiet. Rad pic. I’ve blocked it Ho and it’s pitched. Floor was sagging a bit there. Still didn’t help.
    End of main is higher than rad and it’s pitched. How well I can’t say 100% unless I pull all the insulation off. But eyeballing it it appears pitched correctly.

    IMG_6368.jpeg
  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    Returns are cold.
    once I dumped that water out it solved the slow to heat rad and sounds of steam collapsing are gone.
    I am located in Utica NY

  • JoshP
    JoshP Member Posts: 96

    I opened up the valve I added at the main vent for that main side and got about a quart of water out. Then the problem rad heated up like it should quicker than it has ever done. Mains appear to pitched fine but they are covered in insulation.

    It’s dry return so if I added a return from the main at the 90 where problem seems to be it would need to run back to the boiler and to the current dry return near the loop?

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    are you sure the boiler isn't surging from the oil from all that new piping? is the water line bouncing in the sight glass or is it only moving a little? if you get water out of the main with the boiler off it isn't surging

    closing off all the radiators on that main is going to make things worse, all the output of the boiler is trying to rush toward those vents

    it is pretty rare for a boiler to be too small but it is very common for a boiler to be 50%-100%+ oversized. on a 2 pipe system a boiler that is too small just means that all the radiators don't heat fully, the system can still be balanced as long as the boiler matches the heat loss of the building.

    you have to check the main for a dip, it has to either be a dip or some combination of reducers in the horizontal that is holding water in the main if water comes out with the boiler off.

    if you add a steam trap or drip at the prpblem main/riser connection it could follow the dry return with pitch until it gets to someplace it can drop individually in to a wet return. you could connect it to the dry return with a steam trap if the dry return is lower than the main

    you could have debris in the main that is acting as a dam to hold water. it is uncommon but it can happen especially if the system has been flooded.

  • mattmia2
    mattmia2 Member Posts: 15,067

    isn't this 2 pipe so the return should never have steam in it so dry returns connecting together above the water line shouldn't be a problem?

  • Jamie Hall
    Jamie Hall Member Posts: 26,679

    Correct. And t isn't the problem.

    Let me try this one more time.

    One. Radiator does not heat or rather heats very very slowly.

    Two. There is a valve which is connected t te main which feeds the nonheating radiator.

    Three. When you open the valve about a quart of water pours out.

    Four. After the water pours out the radiator heats just fine.

    Am I the only one who sees some sort of connection here?

    Like… arrange to allow the water to escape in the first place and you don't have a problem?

    Yes, there may be problems elsewhere in the system. There may be some odd near boiler piping. And so on.

    But the problem is a radiator which doesn't heat. Which is proven to have water in the main leading to it. Which heats just fine when the water is removed.

    C'mon folks…

    Br. Jamie, osb
    Building superintendent/caretaker, 7200 sq. ft. historic house museum with dependencies in New England
    mattmia2bburdEBEBRATT-Ed
  • ChrisJ
    ChrisJ Member Posts: 17,019
    Screenshot 2025-11-25 092943.png

    I'd start here……….

    Until that's confirmed I think everything else should just wait.

    Single pipe 392sqft system with an EG-40 rated for 325sqft and it's silent and balanced at all times.

  • 109A_5
    109A_5 Member Posts: 3,259
    edited November 25

    I said that last night, but apparently nobody reads. @Jamie Hall, I agree with you.

    The main far end is too low or the middle it too high making the end too low. If the dry return is lower than the end of the main a condensate loop could be added so that part of the main drains to the dry return.

    National - U.S. Gas Boiler 45+ Years Old
    Steam 300 SQ. FT. - EDR 347
    One Pipe System